>摆臂式垃圾车
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>使用说明书
>Swing arm garbage truck operation instruction manual
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前 言
您必须严格按照本说明书所述方法和各项规定，正确使用和保养本车。正确的操作和日常维护保养是实现安全运输、减少故障、延长使用寿命的基本保证。本车的操作、维修人员应仔细地阅读本说明书，对摆臂式垃圾车相关原理和使用、操作要领有较透彻的了解，以保证安全、有效的使用车辆。
Customer must use and maintenance vehicle correctly in strict according to the said method of manual and each regulation.Correct operation and daily maintenance work is the basic guarantee that come true the safe transport, reduce the breakdown, increase of service life.To ensure use the vehicle safe and effective, person who operate and maintain the vehicle must read the manual carefully, so that could have a perspective on correlation theory and operating essentials of swing arm garbage truck.
本手册是车辆的一部分,应与车辆一起保存和使用,手册的图形和说明在出版时是正确的,但我公司产品的结构在不断的改进和完善,因此有可能出现本手册的介绍与车辆的实际结构不同的情况,敬请谅解。
This manual is part of vehicle, should be kept and used with vehicle,the graph and station of manual is correct in the publication, but our product structure are making continuous improvements, maybe the introduce of manual is different with the actual structure of vehicle, thanks for your understanding.
有关汽车底盘的维修与保养请参阅原底盘使用说明书。
Please refer to the chassis manual about chassis repairing and maintenance.
一. 摆臂式垃圾车外形图outside drawing of swing arm garbage truck
1-汽车底盘 2-料斗 3-摆臂机构 4-锁钩 5-支腿 6-液压系统 7-操作系统
1-chassis 2-dust bin 3-swing arm institutions 4-hook 5-outrigger 6-hydraulic system 7-operating system
二. 主要技术性能参数
main technical parameter
| 参 数parameter | 单 位unit |
整 车 型 号 vehicle model | |
底 盘 型 号 chassis model | EQ3120GKJ6 |
| 货 厢 容 积carriers volume | 12 m3 |
| 长x宽x高length*width*height | 6970*2485*3950 mm |
| 轴 距wheelbase | 3950 |
| 前轮距front tread | 1940 |
| 后轮距rear tread | 1860 |
| 整 备 质 量curb weight | 7300kg |
| 载 质 量payload weight | 5000 |
总质量（含三人） total weight(including 3 person) | 12000 |
| 最高车速max speed | 85km/h |
| 最大爬坡度max climbing capacity | 28％ |
| 驻坡度 slope in | ≥20％ |
| 制动距离 braking length | ≤10m |
最小转弯直径 minimum turning diameter | 13 m |
最小离地间隙 minimum ground clearance | 240 mm |
接近角/离去角 approach/departure angle | ° |
| 侧倾稳定角roll stability angle | 45° |
车厢底板离地高度 carriage floor ground clearance | 1350mm |
作业高度（距地面） working height(above ground) | 3350 |
摆臂最大摆角 largest angle of arm | 124° |
自卸最大倾卸角 max angle of dumping | 86 |
| 摆臂摆动半径swing radius of arm | 2700mm |
吊链拉断力 breaking force of chain hoist | 64kN |
液压系统额定压力 rated pressure of hydraulic system | 16MPa |
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三．工作原理与结构特征operating principle and structural feature
1.工作原理operating principle
本车专用机构的工作是由液压驱动的。液压系统构成见图一。Hydraulic pressure drive special institution of vehicle to work. Hydraulic system structure refer to figure 1.
液压系统由液压油箱、油泵、多路换向阀、摆臂油缸、支腿油缸、锁钩油缸、平衡阀、液压锁、滤油器和管路等组成。Hydraulic system is including oil box,oil pump,multiple directional control value,swing arm oil cylinder,outrigger oil cylinder,hook oil cylinder,balance value,hydraulic lock,oil filter and pipelines etc.
取力器从汽车发动机获取动力，带动油泵旋转。操作多路换向阀可分别控制摆臂油缸、支腿油缸或锁钩油缸的伸缩运动，完成吊装或卸料工作。PTO get power from engine and drive oil pump rotation.Operating multiple directional value can separately control the fore and aft motion of swing arm oil cylinder,outrigger oil cylinder or hook oil cylinder to finish working of hoisting or unloading.
液压系统中装有平衡阀和液压锁。平衡阀在工作中可以保证摆臂的运动平稳和安全，防止料斗失速。液压锁可以防止支腿液压油缸在工作中发生软腿现象并防止行驶中支腿意外伸出。Hydraulic system equip with balance value and hydraulic lock.Balance value can ensure smooth movement of arm and security, avoid hopper in a stall condition.Hydraulic can avoid outrigger hydraulic oil cylinder have a soft leg phenomenon in working and outrigger accident put out in driving.
在不操作多路换向阀手柄时，油泵排出的液压油经多路换向阀回到油箱。When we don t operate the multiple directional value handle, the hydraulic oil that pump discharge back to oil box by multiple directional value.
液压系统的最大工作压力为16MPa，该压力由多路换向阀上的安全阀来调定。在正常情况下，系统压力超过16MPa时，液压油会经安全阀流回油箱，这时往往表明系统超载，机构不能正常工作。安全阀的压力值在出厂时已经调定，不要随意调节。Max working pressure of hydraulic system is 16MPa,it is setted up by safety value of multiple directional value.Under normal situation, when the pressure of system exceed 16MPa, hydraulic oil would back to oil box by safety value,means that system overload and don t function properly.The pressure of safety value has been setted up well in factory, don t adjust it freely.
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图一，液压系统图Figure 1,hydraulic system plan
1-摆臂油缸 2-液压锁 3-支腿油缸 4-油泵 5-液压油箱 6-滤油器
7-多路换向阀 8-安全阀 9-锁钩油缸 10-平衡阀 11-管路
1-swing arm oil cylinder 2-hydraulic lock 3-outrigger oil cylinder 4-oil pump 5-hydraulic oil box 6-oil filter 7-multiple directional control value 8-safety value 9-hook oil cylinder 10-balance value 11-pipelines
2.结构特征structural feature
摆臂式垃圾车选用已定型的标准载货汽车底盘，在底盘上增加专用装置制造而成。专用装置主要包括：摆臂机构、料斗、锁钩、支腿、液压系统、操作系统等。The swing arm garbage truck adopts the standard truck chassis, fitting a special unit on the chassis. The special unit is made of swing arm frame, feeder, hook, outrigger, hydraulic system and operation system.
● 摆臂机构： 摆臂机构的摆臂是由钢板焊接成的箱型结构件。操作多路换向阀可驱动摆臂油缸绕摆动轴来回旋转摆动。摆臂机构用来提升和卸下货物（如料斗）。Swing arm frame: Van-type constructional part welded by steel plates. The multiple directional control valve can drive the cylinder swing around the axle. This frame is used for loading and unloading (eg, feeder)
● 料斗：料斗是金属焊接件，有敞开和密封两种形式。用来盛装货物。Feeder: metal constructional part, including open and close types, and used for loading cargo.
● 锁钩：倾倒货物时钩住料斗上的销轴，防止料斗脱落。Hook: hitch the pin on the feeder when damping the cargo to prevent the feeder from peeling.
● 支腿：本车作业时，必须先放下支腿，防止车辆翘头。Outrigger: the outrigger must be lowered to prevent the truck from turning up when the truck is working.
● 液压系统：本车的作业功能都是通过液压系统来实现的。Hydraulic system: the function is realized through this system.
● 操作系统： 通过该系统实现各项功能的转换。在操作多路换向阀前应挂上取力器带动油泵工作。通过操纵多路换向阀的手柄可完成支腿的伸缩和装斗、卸斗和卸料的工作。通过操作在多路换向阀旁的油门手柄，可控制发动机的转速，从而调节系统的流量改变机构的工作速度。Operation system: the functions are converted by this system; the PTO should be hung before the multiple directional control valve and make the oil pump work. Operating the handle, the outrigger can be stretched in and out; the cargo can be loaded and unloaded. Operating the engine-control handle, the engine speed can be controlled, then the flow of control system can change the operation speed of frame.
四．操作规程operating specification
1.汽车的操作规程operating regulation of vehicle
按照汽车底盘使用说明书的要求操作。驾驶员除了认真阅读本说明书外，还应认真阅读底盘使用说明书。Operate vehicle according to requirements of manual of chassis. Driver should read chassis manual carefully apart from vehicle manul.
2.专用装置操作规程operating regulation of special specification
● 作业前的准备：作业前要观察场地是否符合要求。停车后要拉上驻车制动器。Preparation before working: observe whether the area is accord with requirements before working. Pull on parking brake after parking.
● 取力器的操作：工作时应挂上取力器。操纵取力器时，汽车发动机应怠速运转，首先踩下离合器踏板，然后将取力器气动开关合上，再缓慢松开离合器踏板。这时油泵开始运转。Operation of PTO: the PTO should be turned on when operating and the engine should work in slow speed. First the clutch pedal is pressed, then the PTO switch is turned off, after that, slowly release the pedal, the oil pump starts working.
● 放下支腿：操作多路换向阀相应的手柄放下左右支腿，并确认牢固支撑于地面后才能进行吊斗或卸料作业。Put down outrigger:operate the corresponding handle of multiple directional value to put down right and left outrigger,and begin to swing hopper or unload after ensuring they are strong sustain the ground.
● 装料：放下支腿，操作多路换向阀吊装料斗，料斗上车后吊链要处于松弛状态。吊装完成后要操作多路换向阀锁上锁钩，然后收回支腿。Loading:put down the outrigger,operate multiple directional value to hoist hopper,the chain hoist must be state of loose after hopper get on the vehicle. When finish hoisting operate multiple directional value lock the hook,and then take back outrigger.
● 运输：收回支腿，脱开取力器后才可行车。 Transport:drive vehicle after tack back outrigger and disconnect PTO.
● 卸斗：放下支腿，松开锁钩，吊下料斗。Unload bucket:put down outrigger,loosen hook,lift of hopper.
● 卸料：放下支腿，保持锁钩锁紧，操作摆臂使料斗倾斜，货物卸出后，操作摆臂使料斗回位。Unloading:put down outrigger,keep hook locked,operate arm make the hopper is tilted,after goods discharged,operate arm make hopper back.
五．使用注意事项Cautions
1. 请严格按汽车底盘使用说明书和本说明书的规程要求进行汽车的驾驶操作和整车的专用功能操作。未阅读说明书的人员严禁操作。Please finish the operation of drive and special functions in strict accordance with the requirements of chassis manual and this manual.Person forbid operate vehicle who don t read manual.
2. 作业前要观察场地是否平整，在大于12％的坡度上作业时必须用垫块止动车轮。在摆臂工作范围内不得有障碍物。observe whether the area is smooth before working,when work in gradient more than 12%, must use cushion block to stop the wheel.In the swing arm working range should not have obstacles.
3. 吊装作业时人员不得进入摆臂运动范围内。Person can not enter the arm movement range when hoisting.
4. 严禁不用支腿作业，必须确认支腿牢固支撑后才可作业。Forbid operate without outrigger, work after ensuring outrigger is strong sustain the ground.
5. 安全阀的压力值在出厂时已经调定，使用中不要随意调节。The pressure of safety value has been setted up well in factory, don t adjust it freely.
6. 必须严格遵守操作规程，操作时如发现有异常现象应立即停止工作，查明原因。有故障必须在排除后再继续工作。Must strictly abide operate specification, should stop work immediately and identify the reason when have a unusual phenomenon in working.Start work again after clearing of fault.
7. 液压油的清洁是保证液压系统能长期正常工作的重要条件。平时要注意检查液压油的状况，如发现油液浑浊、发黑，应及时更换。换油时要通过滤油器并避免在操作中将杂物带入油箱内。It is import to clean the hydraulic oil for keeping the hydraulic system being work normally. The oil should be checked as usual, if the oil becomes muddy or dark, then it needs to be replaced. While replacing the oil, a filter should be used for preventing the impurities from the oil tank.
8. 行驶前应将取力器开关置于分离位置。PTO switch should be placed in separation before driving.
9. 推荐使用液压油：冬季N32普通液压油，夏季N46普通液压油。Recommend hydraulic oil: Winter N32 L-HL, Summer N46 L-HL.
六.故障分析与排除analyze and eliminate fault
故障现象fault phenomenon
原 因reason
排 除 措 施treatment measures
油缸活塞杆漏油piston rod of oil cylinder leaks oil
1. 密封圈损坏sealing ring damage
2. 活塞杆表面划伤piston rod surface scratched
1. 检查导向套、更换密封圈check orienting sleeve,change sealing ring
2. 用细沙纸修整或更换零件use sand paper repair or replacement parts.
活塞杆爬行或蠕动piston rod crawl or peristalsis
1. 液压缸或液压油内混入空气hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic oil mixed in air
1. 排除空气removal air
液压缸举升无力hydraulic cylinder lifting weak
1. 活塞密封件损坏piston seal damage
2. 系统压力过低（安全阀失调）system pressure is too low(safety value disorders)
3. 系统压力过低（内泄露严重）system pressure is too low(inside leak serious)
4. 油泵损坏oil pump damage
5. 油箱液压油不足hydraulic oil shortage
6. 滤油器堵塞oil filter plug
1. 检查、更换密封件check and replace sealing
2. 检查、调整安全阀压力check and adjust pressure of safety value
3. 检查、更换元件check and replace components
4. 检查、更换油泵check and replace oil pump
5. 检查、加足液压油check and add hydraulic oil
6. 检查、更换滤芯check and replace filter
>支腿软腿outrigger soft
1. 液压锁泄露hydraulic lock leak
2. 油缸活塞密封件损坏piston sealing of oil cylinder damage
1. 清洗、更换元件clean and replace components
2. 检查、更换密封件check and replace sealing
>油管漏油fuel line leak
1. 密封圈损坏sealing ring damage
2. 油管密封面损坏sealing face of oil line damage
1. 检查、更换密封圈check and replace sealing ring
2. 检查、更换油管check and replace oil line
七．保养与维修Maintenance and service
1.底盘的保养与维修按汽车底盘使用说明书的要求。Maintenance and service according to chassis manual.
2.取力器的保养、换油与汽车变速箱同时进行。参照汽车底盘使用说明书的要求。 The maintenance of PTO,oil changes and gearbox also under the requirements of the vehicle instruction.
3.每班工作完成后，必须清洗车厢和料斗。Must clean the dust bin and hopper after work.
4.应定期对整车的各联结部位和润滑点进行检查，及时排除紧固件的松动现象和保证润滑良好。Check all connections parts and lubrication point regularly,removal the fastener looseness promptly and ensure good lubrication.
5.每年应对取力器、变速箱进行一次较全面的清洗、检查、维修。Clean ,check and repair PTO and gear box every year.
